Schlumberger: Gas lift design and technology

Most wells completed in oil producing sands will flow naturally for some period of time after they begin producing. Reservoir pressure and formation gas provide enough energy to bring fluid to the surface in a flowing well. As the well produces this energy is consumed, and at some point there is no longer enough energy available to bring the fluid to the surface and the well will cease to flow. When the reservoir energy is too low for the well to flow, or the production rate desired is greater than the reservoir energy can deliver, it becomes necessary to put the well on some form of artificial lift to provide the energy to bring the fluid to the surface. The types of artificial lift available are illustrated in Figure 1-1. When gas lift is used, high-pressure gas provides the energy to enable the well to produce.

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Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow Contemporary Understanding and Applications

At its meeting in June 1990, the U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics (USNCRM), a standing committee of the National Research Council (NRC), identified rock fractures as a subject of great concern to the rock mechanics community. The USNCRM proposed that the NRC undertake a study to review characterization and fluid flow in rock fractures. The Committee on Fracture Characterization and Fluid Flow was appointed by the NRC in April 1991 and met for the first time in May 1991. The committee membership represents many of the disciplines concerned with rock fractures and fluid flow, including rock mechanics, hydrogeology, hydrofractures, geophysics, geology, geostatistics, civil engineering, and seismology. The committee met six times over the course of this study to debate, define, and develop this report.

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Schlumberger: Introduction to directional drilling

Directional drilling has become a very important tool in the development of oil and gas deposits. Current expenditures for hydrocarbon production have dictated the necessity of controlled directional drilling to a much larger extent than previously.

Probably the most important aspect of controlled directional drilling is that it enables producers all over the world to develop subsurface deposits that could never be reached economically in any other manner. In this module a number of topics will be covered that must be understood by the directional driller. The various types of wells and applications of directional wells will be touched upon along with well profiles and well planning.

Written by: Raymont

No. of pages: 52 Pages

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Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids

Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids, Fifth Editioncovers the fundamental principles of geology, chemistry, and physics that provide the scientific basis for drilling fluids technology.
New material in this edition for drilling, logging, and production supervisors and engineers exlains how the choice of a drilling fluid and proper maintenance can profoundly reduce total well costs.
Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids, Fifth Edition also defines technical terms necessary to the understanding of instructions and information provided by the mud engineer. Updated chapters discuss evaluation of drilling fluid performance, clay mineralogy and colloid chemistry, rheology, filtration properties, hole stability, drilling problems, and completion fluids.

Written by: H.C.H. Darley. & George R. Gray

No. of pages: 654 Pages

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Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures, Second Edition

The leading authority in the field offers a unique and comprehensive treatment of the construction aspects of offshore structures rather than the more commonly addressed design considerations. Extensively updated, this second edition provides a new chapter on extending offshore technologies to inland waterways and emphasizes recent advances, including floating structures, deep-water structures, ice-resistant structures, and bridge foundations. Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures serves as an important reference for engineers in the oil and service industries and for marine construction planners, designers, and contractors.

Written by: Ben C. Gerwick

No. of pages: 653

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Production Operations: Well Completions, Workover, and Stimulation Vol.(1&2)

This two-volume set of books encompasses well production operations from the time the first potential oil or gas horizon is penetrated until the well is abandoned. Primary focus is on well completions, workovers, and stimulation, which are key and critical to producing operations.
These books emphasize the importance of total reservoir description including geology and fluid flow characteristics, the role of effective communication between the reservoir and the wellbore, the pitfalls of flow restriction around the wellbore, the importance of knowing where fluids are and where they are moving, and the problems of excluding undesired fluids.

Written by: Thomas O. Allen & Alan P. Roberts

All these factors become more important in the areas of waterflooding and enhanced methods to maximize recovery of increasingly valuable hydrocarbon fluids. Practical approaches to defining and solving these problems constitutes the substance of these volumes.

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Offshore Blowouts: causes and control

Exploration and development of offshore oil and gas fields involve a number of risks related to loss of human lives, pollution, and loss of material assets. All those involved in the offshore industry are aware of the hazards. The potential for major accidents will always be present, but it is important to keep the risks within acceptable levels, and as low as reasonably practicable.
A main contributor to the total risk is uncontrolled release of pressurized hydrocarbons, i.e., gas leakages and blowouts. It should, however, not be forgotten that other aspects such as vessel stability, helicopter transport, and occupational accidents are also significant contributors to the total risk.

Written by: Per Holand

No. of pages: 177

History shows that uncontrolled releases of hydrocarbons have caused several major accidents. The Bravo blowout on the Ekofisk field in 1977, the West Vanguard blowout in 1985, the Piper Alpha gas leak in 1988, and the Ocean Odyssey blowout in 1988 are all well-known accidents that occurred in the North Sea. In addition, several less severe accidents involving uncontrolled releases have occurred in the North Sea.

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