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Saturday, August 18, 2012

Probability of a Trap Not Filled to Capacity

We often estimate how much charge (hydrocarbons) is available to a trap, based on assumptions of source rock potential, maturity and migration losses, etc. The purpose is to see if the trap could be potentially not receiving enough charge relative to its capacity. Aside from huge uncertainties involved in such an exercise, I would argue here that it is relatively rare that a trap would be under charged.

Let's think about a basin that has a mature source rock providing hydrocarbons from the kitchen. Hydrocarbons may migratie up-dip in different directions. Along the fill and spill pathway, the volume may eventually run out, and the last trap is not filled to spill point. All traps further up dip will not receive any charge, and all traps down-dip from this trap are filled to spill point. Let's say there are 10 of these migration fairways and each has 10 traps, there can be only one trap along each fairway that is not filled to spill. Counting all possibilities of charge volumes, the probability of a trap receiving charge but not filled to spill is only 10%.

The same is true in a vertically drained system, where traps are limited by seal capacity. Vertically through the stacked reservoirs along each fill-leak path, there can be only one trap that is not filled to seal capacity. All others are either not filled at all, or are filled to seal capacity.

Of course, nature is more complex and we may have a mixture of fill-spill, and fill leak scenarios in a typical basin. Trap geometry and seal capacity are also not constant through geological time. We may often have situations where trap capacity is not limited by structural closure, nor seal capacity, but by fault juxtaposition, etc. The above analysis should be valid in all possible scenarios, including the example mentioned in the earlier post (see below) where a trap can both leak and spill at the same time. Migration cannot continue unless the trap is filled to "capacity".

Richard Bishop, former president of AAPG, gave a presentation titled "Percent Trap Fill and Its Implications", in which he states: "Observations of hundreds fields in many different types of basins and source rocks shows that traps are full to either a leak point or spill point". I agree and perhaps there is a logical reason behind the observation. The implication here is that charge volume estimates may not be such a useful exercise. We should instead focus on the probability whether the trap can be charged, rather than whether it receives enough charge. Moreover, it may be also be useful to try to understand why if a trap is not filled to the structure closure, and its implications in finding accumulations in nearby traps.

Wednesday, August 15, 2012

Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation

Presenting a comprehensive introduction to the propagation of high-frequency body-waves in elastodynamics, this volume develops the theory of seismic wave propagation in acoustic, elastic and anisotropic media to allow seismic waves to be modelled in complex, realistic three-dimensional Earth models. The book is a text for graduate courses in theoretical seismology, and a reference for all academic and industrial seismologists using numerical modelling methods. Exercises and suggestions for further reading are included in each chapter.

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Monday, August 13, 2012

Schlumberger I handbook

i-Handbook, an electronic version of the Field Data Handbook, displays data that helps compute results fast. This eliminates the time-consuming and error-prone practice of first assimilating data and obtaining results using a separate calculator.

The i-Handbook was designed with three objectives

  • retain the book format of the Field Data Handbook
  • present data without additional training
  • focus on the needs of a varied audience, from on-site personnel to design and planning engineers in offices.

An advanced resource

An interactive wellbore diagram lets you build a graphical view of the wellbore with drag-and-drop data from the tubular tables. You can define various flow paths in the well. The volumes of defined sections are calculated automatically and displayed on the diagram.

Quick and accurate

Tubing and casing data tables can be expanded so you can see additional physical properties. You can send data entered in any calculator or a particular wellbore to your team. Correct information is exchanged fast.

Design help saves time

A thorough understanding of the treatment and the effects of recommended wellbore actions is communicated through visual, sometimes animated, schematics. You can prepare diagrams illustrating the various combinations of pipe strings. This lets you create realistic, multiple design options in one session.

More data

New information is included in sections on pipe, tubing, casing, tanks, volume, fracturing, cement, and acid/oil/brines.

Minimum system requirements:

·

  • PC Windows®
  • 200-MHz Pentium® processor-based computer
  • Microsoft® Windows 2000 or Windows XP
  • 128 MB of RAM
  • 10-MB free disk space
  • i-Handbook is not compatible with Microsoft® Windows 95, 98 or NT®

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Sunday, August 12, 2012

OILympics: Golden Moments in O&G Development

As the 2012 Olympic Games wind down this weekend in London, Rigzone looks back at the 'golden moments' in technological development in the oil and gas industry that has allowed the industry to break new boundaries in exploration and production.

The race to find and produce additional oil and gas resources has become more technologically challenging in recent years, as the world's remaining oil and gas reserves have either been in remote areas or not accessible with exploration and production technology available at the time.

As a result, the industry is pushing the frontiers of exploration and production in challenging downhole and surface environments, deepwater, high pressure and temperatures, and drilling in environments such as the Arctic.

In the spirit of Olympic achievement, Rigzone celebrates five golden moments in the oil and gas industry:

George Mitchell and the Shale Boom

The U.S. shale boom is a tale not only of technology, but the perseverance of George Mitchell, founder of Mitchell Energy. Mitchell was the first to figure out the right combination of technology to successfully exploit the shale natural gas resources of the Barnett shale.

While Mitchell Energy had been drilling for natural gas in the Barnett field in North Texas, Mitchell became concerned in the late 1970s about future gas production. Mitchell then decided to try fracturing the Barnett formation. It took experimentation with mixes of fracking fluids.

Mitchell's ultimate success resulted in the U.S. shale gas boom, turning the nation from a destination for liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports to an LNG exporter. The ample supply of shale gas now available has spurred a renaissance in the nation's petrochemical chemistry and offers an alternative fuel solution. The U.S. shale boom has also resulted in shale gas exploration efforts worldwide.

Floating LNG Technology

Shell's plan to develop the Prelude and Concerto natural gas fields offshore the northwest coast of Western Australia involves building and mooring offshore what will likely be the world's first floating LNG (FLNG) facility.

The Prelude LNG facility will provide market access to Australia's estimated 140 trillion cubic feet of 'stranded' natural gas assets. These resources would be considered uneconomic for development via an onshore plant because they are too small or remote.

The Prelude FLNG facility – which will be 1,601 feet long and 242 feet wide and weigh around 600,000 tonnes, about six times as much as the world's largest aircraft carrier – will be moored in 820 feet of water for 25 years. Shell anticipates the facility will produce at least 3.6 million tones of LNG per year as well as liquid petroleum gas and condensate for export.

Lula and Brazil's Pre-Salt Reserves

The discovery of Brazil's Tupi field in the Santos Basin – later renamed Lula after popular president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, is not only one of oil's most "golden" moments, but also a "passport to the future" for Brazil, as current President Dilma Rousseff said.

"As Brazil's first major pre-salt discovery and the largest oil discovery in the Western Hemisphere in three decades, the lessons learned here will help the country to develop a huge network of pre-salt fields clustered between the Campos and Santos Basins, which are estimated to hold between 50 billion and 100 billion barrels of oil," said Peter Silva, global media analyst at BrightWire.

Pilot production activity began at the Lula and Guara fields in 2010 and 2011, according to a February 2012 report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. While the potential impact of the discoveries is vast, industry faces challenges in accessing reserves and in the scale of the proposed expansion production. Successfully meeting these challenges would definitely be considered a golden moment for the oil and gas industry.

Independence Hub

The $2 billion Independence Hub project, which began production in 2007, pushed the boundaries in technological and operational achievement when it was developed to produce natural gas from the ultra-deepwater eastern Gulf. The facility can process up to 1 billion cubic feet of natural gas production from 10 anchor fields, with excess payload capacity to tie back up to nine additional subsea flowlines.

The oil and gas industry's successful development of deepwater Gulf of Mexico fields in recent years as a whole can be classified as a golden moment for oil and gas as advances in deepwater production infrastructure allow access to the deepwater Gulf's oil and gas reserves.

The roster of deepwater Gulf fields under development in recent years includes Atlantis, Na Kika, Perdido, Jack/St. Malo. These fields are examples of advanced field development technology, including moored semisubmersible platforms and production spars, which have allowed the industry to set records. Shell set a record for the world's deepest subsea well in November 2011 when it began producing oil from the Perdido development.

The oil and gas industry continues to add new production from the deepwater Gulf. In June, BP reported it had commenced production from the Isabela, Santiago and Santa Cruz fields – part of the Galapagos deepwater Gulf development. The fields will be connected to the Na Kika host platform.

IT Software

The oil and gas industry in a relatively short time has seen incredible milestones thanks to advances in IT – particularly software – and the ability to access and analyze data in new ways, from new sources, said Gene Minnich, vice president of Landmark Software and Services.

"Before Landmark launched the first interactive workstation for seismic interpretation in 1984, we were a pencil and paper industry reliant on flat visual interpretation," Minnich commented. "With this breakthrough, engineers got their first taste of 3D data analysis and visualization through machines."

This would spur a chain of milestones, including development of the first commercial rig site morning reporting system in 1986 by Munro Engineering, which was acquired by Landmark in 1994.

"While the ability transmit data from rig to office seems like an 'of-course' for today, using VHF "push-to-talk" radios was revolutionary at the time," Minnich said. "What's more exciting is that I think we've barely tapped the surface of the types of data we can explore, the places we can reach into, and the methods through which we can access it."

"With tablets, mobile phones and cloud technology still maturing in O&G – I think there are several golden moments in store in the next five years," Minnich added.

Technology Torchbearers

The oil and gas industry has been thinking outside the box in recent years, seeking to apply technologies used in other industries to enhance production and reduce cost.

Nanotechnology, the study of manipulating matter on an atomic or molecular scale and developing materials, devices or structures possessing nanomaterials, has been used in the medical, aerospace and textile industries, is now being applied to the oil and gas industry.

While efforts are underway to access new oil and gas resources have been underway for some time, the oil and gas industry also has been seeking ways to enhance oil recovery. One recent example of technological innovation to enhance oil recovery is a new process that uses antenna heat to enhance oil sands recovery.

Oil and gas operators worldwide are increasingly turning to technology to better monitor and enhance hydrocarbons recovery, including swellable packers with elastomers.

The use of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, in which radio waves are used to transfer data from an electronic tag, attached to an object through a reader to identify and track an object – also is beginning to grow. While it has been primarily used to track inventory,RFID also is being deployed in drilling.

As we look back and celebrate the athletic achievements of participants in the 2012 Summer Games, we can also take stock of the achievements made by the oil and gas industry. And we can guarantee that the industry will continue to surpass new frontiers in exploration and production as the race to find new oil and gas resources continues.


Friday, August 10, 2012

Air and Gas Drilling Manual, 2nd Edition

This comprehensive guide, written by an internationally known expert and holder of nine drilling patents, lays out absolutely everything you need to design and apply air and gas drilling to all kinds of operations, from the most basic to the most complex, and for the shallowest to the deepest. The Air and Gas Drilling Manual shows you how to: Master the air and gas drilling techniques in vital industries: construction and development of water wells, monitoring wells, geotechnical boreholes, mining operations boreholes, and more.

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Thursday, August 9, 2012

Oil & Gas Production in Nontechnical Language

This nontechnical treatment is a great introduction to oil and gas production for anyone from beginning petroleum engineering and geology students to accountants, salespersons, and other professionals interested in the industry. Co-authored by Martin Raymond, a veteran production manager, and William Leffler, one of the top petroleum nontechnical writers, it is an easy-to-read reference for those who deal with petroleum industry personnel and production issues in their jobs, but need a quick overview of the technical and business issues. Complete with helpful charts and diagrams, this book covers everything from production equipment and processes to theory, business operations, and strategies.

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Tuesday, August 7, 2012

API RP 10 Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements

This Recommended Practice specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the testing of cement slurries and related materials under simulated well conditions.

This edition of API RP 10B is the identical national adoption of ISO 10426 , Petroleum and natural gas industries-Cements and materials for well cementing : Testing of well cements.


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Monday, August 6, 2012

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ENGINEER in USA,UK

Job title: Research & Development Engineer
Job category: -Engineering (Petroleum, Reservoir, Subsea)
-Project/Program Management (Program Management)
-R_D/Science (Other - Research & Development)
Address: United States, Massachusetts, Cambridge
Work experience required: yes
Work experience: 2+ to 5 Years
Degree level: Masters Degree
Position type: full time
Minimum salary: USD (negotiable)
Willing to relocate: yes
Long description:ASCOMP GmbH seeks talented and motivated young people to initiate and sustain its growth in USA and Canada. We offer a Research & Development Engineer position in the broad area of flow assurance (specifically in Computational MultiPhase Flow) in Cambridge MA, USA.

The candidate will establish and drive a sustainable business strategy for for ASCOMP in North America, based on the thrusts of the software TransAT and its development team, namely multiphase flow science and technology. The candidate will drive engagement with industry partners in the business segment: flow assurance in oil & gas. He/she will plan, coordinate and oversee contacts with potential clients; mentor and develop relationships; and establish strategic multi-disciplinary multi-party collaborations. The main objective is to introduce the technology to large oil & gas. Ultimately the candidate will build his own sales and marketing team to seek new opportunities for growth.
Requirements include:

Effective communication skills to support customers.
Experience and track records in one of the aforementioned areas;
Experience in leading multi-disciplinary research team with proven ability to build teams and motivate staff;
Wide exposure and experience in diverse CAE domains;
Experience in engaging industry and managing relationships with partners.

Highly motivated candidates holding a university degree in applied mathematics or computational sciences, oil & gas eng., mechanical eng., chemical and process eng., or in a similar field, and have gathered experience in CAE as part of their education or previous employment are welcome to send their application by email to Dr. S. Thomas (thomas@ascomp.ch) with a copy to (info@ascomp.ch). But since the position requires specific abilities to build and sustain business and marketing, it definitely requires post-education records in project management, business administration or a similar field, or a proven track record in previous employment.

Sunday, August 5, 2012

Drilling Calculations Spreadsheets

May be you are having some of these from elsewhere, but it gives me great pleasure to compile all these at one place. I did not delete the references of original makers of these spreadsheets, if it is there, so all the credit goes to original makers of these calculation spread sheets only. Kudos to those developers !!!
Here is the list of contents - a great collection of 40 worksheets among which many worksheets contain multiple sheets : (.rar file size 3.027 MB)01_General Formulae.xls
02_Drilling Calculation.xls
03_Assortment of Mini Applications.xls
04_Pressure Drops & Others.XLS
05_SRB Hydraulic Programs.xls
06_Hydraulics Worksheet.xls
07_Nowsco Calculation Sheets.xls
08_BASIC MUD REPORTv1.5.xls
09_MudEng2.55.xls
10_Simple Mud Engineerv1.22.xls
11_MUD MIXING.XLS
12_Hydraulic Calculations & Mudpump.xls
13_Spot Heavy Mud.xls
14_Mud Motors, Jets & Surveys.xls
15_Floating Casing.xls
16_Lubricate and Bleed Procedure.xls
17_Maximum Casing Pressure and Pit Gain.xls
18_Critical Rotary Speed.xls
19_Drill String Design.xls
20_Filling the Hole.xls
21_Volumetric Method.xls
22_Well Control.xls
23_Well Control Worksheet-Surface BOP.xls
24_Randy Smith Kill.xls
25_Kill Sheet IWCF.XLW
26_Shell Kill.xls
27_Kill Sheet7.xls
28_Kill Sheet1.xls
29_WELL CONTROL DATA SHEET for DIRECTIONAL WELLS Wt. & Wt. METHOD.xls
30_WELL CONTROL DATA SHEET for DRILLER'S METHOD.xls
31_WELL CONTROL DATA SHEET for VERTICAL WELLS Wt. & Wt. METHOD.xls
32_IDEAL KICK REMOVAL.XLS
33_Well Control.xls
34_Cement Calculations.XLS
35_CASING CEMENTING.xls
36_CEMENT.XLS
37_PRIMARY CEMENTATION.XLS
38_PUMPING RATES FOR CEMENT SPACERS.XLS
39_Buckling & Wellhead Load After Cementing.XLS
40_Squeeze Cementing Job.xls

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Saturday, August 4, 2012

Good Format of Well Plan

one good format of Well Plan also known as ( GTO: Geotechnical Order or DDDP: Drilling Depth Data Policy) in some companies, which is in MS-excel,
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wellheads and christmas trees

Looking for information on wellheads and christmas trees.
It's ANSI API Spec 6A-2004 Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment - 19th Edition ( ISO 10423:2003, (Modified) Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling and production equipment - Wellhead and Christmas tree equipment ).
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Thursday, August 2, 2012

Chevron Specialist Engineering Scholarships, University of Aberdeen, UK

Chevron is one of the world’s leading integrated energy companies, with subsidiaries that conduct business worldwide. Chevron North Sea Ltd. is offering four Chevron Specialist Engineering Scholarships (one Mechanical Engineering Scholarship, one Petroleum Engineering Scholarship, one Chemical Engineering Scholarship, and one Electrical and Electronic Engineering Scholarship).

Description
The successful applicants will each receive £1,000 for year 3, £2,000 for year 4 and £3,000 for year 5 of their undergraduate degree programme (i.e. £6,000 over 3 years).

Eligibility
The scholarships are open to full time students commencing third year of any of the undergraduate degree programmes listed below in September 2012:

MEng Petroleum Engineering (H850)
MEng Chemical Engineering (H810)
MEng Mechanical Engineering (H305)
MEng Mechanical Engineering with Materials (H3JM)
MEng Electrical and Electronic Engineering (H605)
Features of The Chevron Scholarship Programme open to Chevron Scholars:

Financial support as detailed below
Notice of internship opportunities with Chevron
Mentoring
All students regardless of nationality or fee status are eligible to apply for the scholarships.

Criteria
The scholarship will be awarded on the basis of academic merit and demonstration of specific personal characteristics (please see guidelines for full details).

Application Procedure
Please complete the application form, and send it together with your CV and your reference.

Deadline: 22nd of October 2012

Further Info
If you have any queries not answered by the guidelines above please contact Jenny Styles, University of Aberdeen Development Trust (email: j.styles@abdn.ac.uk, tel: 01224 273597).

You will be told whether or not your application has been successful by email by 9 November 2012.

For more information, please visit official website: www.abdn.ac.uk

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